The 4Cs

Diamond color refers to the absence of hue. The less color a diamond has,
the higher its value. Graded by GIA’s trusted D-to-Z scale, diamonds are
compared under controlled lighting to master stones. The scale begins at D
(colorless) and ends at Z (light color). Even small differences—often invisible
to the untrained eye—can greatly impact a diamond’s beauty, quality, and price.

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Diamond clarity measures the absence of internal
inclusions and external blemishes formed during a diamond’s natural creation.
The GIA Clarity Scale, the industry standard, includes 6 categories and 11
grades: from Flawless (no inclusions or blemishes under 10x magnification) to
Included (I1–I3, where inclusions are visible and may affect brilliance).
Intermediate grades IF, VVS, VS, and SI show varying levels of inclusions,
often invisible to the naked eye but important to quality and value.

A diamond’s cut is what unleashes its light, determining how brilliantly it
sparkles. Unlike shape (round, emerald, pear), cut grade refers to how well a
diamond’s facets interact with light. Precision in proportions, symmetry, and
polish allows a diamond to reflect light beautifully.

The GIA Cut Scale, used for round brilliant diamonds, has five grades from
Excellent to Poor. It evaluates how a diamond delivers brightness
(white light return), fire (rainbow color dispersion), and scintillation
(sparkle and light patterns). Craftsmanship details like weight-to diameter
ratio, girdle thickness, facet symmetry, and polish—also affect the final
grade.

Carat weight measures how much a diamond weighs,
with one metric carat equal to 200 milligrams. Each carat is divided into 100
“points” for precise measurement. Smaller diamonds are often described by
points (e.g., 0.25 carats = 25 points), while larger diamonds use carats and
decimals (e.g., 1.08 carats). Carat weight directly influences a diamond’s
size, value, and price.